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When news reached Sidney that a recruiter would be in the area, Elias Artis, 30 years old and married, and Hezekiah Stewart, 19 and single, joined the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry and marched into history. Along the way, they were joined by five men from the Mercer County black community of Carthagena. The 54th enlisted only black soldiers, and with an officer corps that was all white, led by the flamboyant Colonel Robert Gould Shaw, it was ready to prove to the Union Army its worth in battle.

When the regiment sailed from Boston Harbor, Frederick Douglass, famed black abolitionist, was there to wave good-bye and offer encouragement. On their arrival in Georgia, Shaw’s men became discouraged with the lack of battle action. However, that changed on July 18, 1863, when the regiment was chosen to spearhead a beach attack on Fort Wagner, a fortified structure protecting the approach to the city of Charleston, South Carolina. The suicide attack on Fort Wagner proved nothing but the bravery and valor of the 54th. When it was over, nearly one-half of the 54th’s regiment of 600 volunteers had been killed, wounded or captured. Many of them died that day, including Colonel Shaw who was buried on the beachhead in a common grave along with his courageous black soldiers. Efforts to return the Colonel’s body to Massachusetts were halted when his father insisted that he remain with his men, saying, "We can imagine no holier place than that in which he is...or wish him better company —what a bodyguard he has!"

Just before the battle, Sgt. Robert Simmons, one of Shaw’s men, sensing the futility and danger in the Fort Wagner assault, wrote and mailed a message to his family in New York City, "God bless you all! Good-bye!" One of the survivors, Sgt. William Carney, despite multiple wounds, carried the regimental colors that day, and yelled, "The old flag never touched the ground, boys!" For his bravery, Carney became the first of twenty-three blacks to win the Medal of Honor.

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 'Black History' segment written in June, 1998 by David Lodge

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Frederick Douglass

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Sgt. William Carney